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The secular fortunes of the Della Rovere began when Sixtus invested his nephew Giovanni with the signoria of Senigallia and arranged his marriage to the daughter of Federico III da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from the union came a line of Della Rovere dukes of Urbino that lasted until the line expired, in 1631. However, Pietro died prematurely in 1474, and his role passed to Giuliano della Rovere. Pietro became one of the richest men in Rome and was entrusted with Sixtus IV's foreign policy. His nephew Pietro Riario also benefited from his nepotism. In the fresco by Melozzo da Forlì he is accompanied by his Della Rovere and Riario nephews, not all of whom were made cardinals: the protonotary apostolic Pietro Riario (on his right), the future Pope Julius II (1503–1513) standing before him, and Girolamo Riario and Giovanni della Rovere behind the kneeling Platina, author of the first humanist history of the Popes. Like a number of Popes, Sixtus IV adhered to the system of nepotism. Louis was thus in conflict with the papacy, and Sixtus (as a princely strategist himself) could not permit it.
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This was a cornerstone of the privileges claimed for the Gallican Church, and could never be shifted as long as Louis XI maneuvered to replace Ferdinand I of Naples with a French prince. Sixtus continued the dispute with Louis XI of France (1461–1483), who upheld the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), according to which papal decrees needed royal assent before they could be promulgated in France. For the remainder of his pontificate, Sixtus turned to temporal issues and dynastic considerations. Some fruitless attempts were made towards unification with the Greek Church. Fund-raising for the crusade was more successful than the half-hearted attempts to storm Smyrna, with little to show in return. One of his first acts was to declare a renewed crusade against the Ottoman Turks in Smyrna. Upon election to pope he adopted the name Sixtus - a name that had not been used since the 5th century. His pious reputation was one of the deciding factors that prompted the College of Cardinals to elect him pope upon the unexpected death of Pope Paul II at the age of fifty-four. Before his papal election, Cardinal della Rovere was renowned for his unworldliness and had even written learned treatises entitled On the Blood of Christ and On the Power of God. In 1467, he was appointed Cardinal of San Pietro in Vincoli by Pope Paul II (1464–1471). In 1464, Francesco della Rovere was elected Minister General of the Franciscan order at the age of 50. He went on to lecture at many eminent Italian universities. He was born in the hamlet of Pecorile, part of the comune of Celle Ligure.Īs a young man he joined the Franciscan Order, an unlikely choice for a political career, and his intellectual qualities were revealed while he was studying philosophy and theology at the University of Pavia. Biography Early careerįrancesco was born to a modest family near Savona, Liguria, Italy: the son of Leonardo della Rovere and Luchina Monleoni. He was also responsible for ushering the Renaissance era into Rome.
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He was famed for his nepotism and was personally involved in the infamous Pazzi Conspiracy.
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Sixtus also furthered the agenda of the Spanish Inquisition, and annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance. His accomplishments as Pope include the establishment of the Sistine Chapel the team of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age, the Vatican Archives. Pope Sixtus IV (J– August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484.